Ergothioneine

Product Name	Ergothioneine
Source	Golden Oyster Mushroom Powder
Color	White Powder
Specification	1% 5%
Package	1kg/bag 25kgs/drum
OEM Service	Private Labels and Packaging

Main effects of Ergothioneine :

Antioxidant effect

Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid derived from plants and can be accumulated in animals, research has proved that it has the role of antioxidant, it can effectively scavenge -OH, can chelate divalent iron ions and copper ions, preventing the generation of H2O2 in the role of iron ions or copper ions to generate -OH, but also inhibit the oxidation of copper ion-dependent oxidative haemoglobin also inhibit in myoglobin (or haemoglobin) and H2O2 mixing to promote the peroxidation of arachidonic acid. ) peroxidation of arachidonic acid promoted by mixing with H2O2. Ergothioneine is also a potent scavenger of hypochlorous acid, thus preventing a 1-antiprotease inactivation. However, it does not inhibit the peroxidation of lipid particles in the presence of iron ions.AKanmu D et al. have shown that ergothioneine present in the body at certain concentrations can act as an antioxidant.

Protective effects on cells

Lysergic acid is a powerful hypochlorite scavenger (HOCl), and although many compounds react with hypochlorite, few do so as rapidly as lysergic acid.a 1-Antiprotease inhibitors (APIs), such as elastase, are particularly sensitive to hypochlorite, and physiological concentrations of lysergic acid are very effective at protecting APIs against hypochlorite-triggered inactivation. Since neutrophils are the main source of hypochlorite in the body, one of the effects of ergothioneine is to protect the red blood cells from neutrophils coming from normally functioning or pathologically inflamed areas.

Anti-inflammatory effects

Peroxynitrite, formed endogenously by the limited diffusion reaction of NO and superoxide, is a potent oxidant associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory conditions such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, acute pneumonia and sepsis. Ergothioneine inhibits peroxynitrite anion-mediated oxidation of amino acids, such as complexin nitration, thus providing therapeutic feasibility for inflammation.

Other biological functions

Since the discovery of ergothioneine, many attempts have been made to elucidate its physiological functions, but none have been able to define them with complete certainty.Brummel.m.c has found that ergothioneine may also have the following possible functions: transport of cations and catalysis of carbon dioxide carboxylation or decarboxylation reactions; thyroid modulation and antithyroidism; histamine modulation or antihistamineism; cholinergic or antiparasympathetic physiological effects; and antiparasympathetic physiological effects.Brummel.m.c has found that ergothioneine may also have the following possible functions: choline-like functions or anti-parasympathetic physiological effects. Epand R M et al. also studied the effects of ergothioneine on diabetes mellitus.

It has strong antioxidant activity: scavenging reactive oxygen species, chelating divalent metal ions, activating antioxidant enzymes, inhibiting superoxide dismutase, and inhibiting the oxidation of various haemoglobin proteins. Due to these properties of ergothioneine, it has a wide range of applications and market prospects in the fields of medicine, food and beverage, functional food, animal feed, cosmetics and biotechnology.

Metabolism

Studies have shown that ergothioneine cannot be synthesised in animals, but in plants and microorganisms it has been clearly demonstrated that histidine, the sulfuratom, and the methyl groups of methionine can be incorporated into ergothioneine. Yanasugondha and M.D. Appleman studied the catabolism of ergothioneine in microorganisms, and they found that ergothioneine could be converted into trimethylamine and thiol imidazole acrylic acid; Heath [3], after feeding [S]-containing ergothioneine to long rats for up to 21 days, found that ergothioneine labelled with [S]-containing ingredients was distributed in the bone marrow, erythrocytes, liver, kidneys and other parts of the body. The [S]-labelled ergothioneine was found to be distributed in bone marrow, red blood cells, liver and kidney. And George Wolf et al. first injected [α-S]ergothioneine into rats, and then studied the distribution of radiant energy and its metabolites. It was proved that herzynine is the precursor for the synthesis of ergothioneine.