Galla Chinensis extract is derived from the galls formed on the leaves of Rhus chinensis (Anacardiaceae) by the parasitic aphid Melaphis chinensis. It contains tannins (tannic acid), gallic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and glycosides, along with bioactive compounds such as galloyl glucose and catechin. Tannins and gallic acid are the primary functional components; tannins account for 60%–70% of the crude drug, and the extract product can be standardized to a total tannin content of no less than 50%. These active constituents exhibit multiple beneficial effects, including potent antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, broad‑spectrum antibacterial and antiviral properties, astringent and hemostatic effects, anti‑inflammatory and swelling‑reducing actions, inhibition of tyrosinase activity to reduce hyperpigmentation, and protection of intestinal mucosa with alleviation of diarrhea. Galla Chinensis extract holds broad application prospects in natural pharmaceutical preparations, food preservation and antimicrobial agents, oral care products (e.g., mouthwashes), cosmetic formulations for skin whitening and anti‑aging, as well as feed additives.
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